Update on local

IEEE-conference-template-062824.tex

@@ -14,14 +14,20 @@
 \usepackage{booktabs}
 \usepackage{multirow}
 \usepackage{array}
+\usepackage{caption}
+
+% \setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{10pt} % Space above the caption
+% \setlength{\belowcaptionskip5{5pt}  % Space below the caption
+\setlength{\textfloatsep}{8pt} % Example: 20pt of space
 
 \newcommand*\circled[1]{\raisebox{.5pt}{\textcircled{\raisebox{-.9pt} {#1}}}}
 
 \begin{document}
+% \bstctlcite{IEEEexample:BSTcontrol}
 
 \title{Intermittent Systems at Small Scale: Execution Model and Design Guidelines \\
 % \thanks{This work was supported by IITP grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.2021-0-00360, Development of Core Technology for Autonomous Energy-driven Computing System SW in Power-instable Environment).}
-\thanks{This work was supported by IITP grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.2021-0-00360).}
+% \thanks{This work was supported by IITP grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.2021-0-00360).}
 }
 
 \author{\IEEEauthorblockN{Youngbin Kim and Yoojin Lim}
@@ -58,6 +64,6 @@ Intermittent Computing, Batteryless System.
 % \input{sections/Notes.tex}
 
 \bibliographystyle{ieeetr}
-\bibliography{refs_short}
+\bibliography{refs_short_2}
 
 \end{document}

refs_short.bib

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-
+@ieeetranbstctl{IEEEexample:BSTcontrol,
+  ctluse_forced_etal       = {yes},
+  ctlmax_names_forced_etal = {3},
+  ctlnames_show_etal       = {2}
+}
 
 @inproceedings{choiCompilerDirected2022,
   author =        {Choi, Jongouk and Kittinger, Larry and Liu, Qingrui and
@@ -761,3 +765,7 @@
   year =          {2024},
 }
 
+@manual{fujitsuMB85R4M2T,
+  organization = {{{Fujitsu}} Semiconductor},
+  title = {MB85R4M2T}
+}

refs_short_2.bib

@@ -0,0 +1,697 @@
+@inproceedings{choiCompilerDirected2022,
+  author =        {Choi, Jongouk and others},
+  series =        {RTAS '22},
+  month =         may,
+  pages =         {40--54},
+  title =         {Compiler-{{Directed High-Performance Intermittent
+                   Computation}} with {{Power Failure Immunity}}},
+  year =          {2022},
+  doi =           {10.1109/RTAS54340.2022.00012},
+  issn =          {2642-7346},
+}
+
+@article{ahmedInternet2024,
+  author =        {Ahmed, Saad and others},
+  journal =       {Communications of the ACM},
+  month =         mar,
+  number =        {3},
+  pages =         {64--73},
+  title =         {The {{Internet}} of {{Batteryless Things}}},
+  volume =        {67},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3624718},
+  issn =          {0001-0782, 1557-7317},
+}
+
+@article{ransfordMementos2011,
+  author =        {Ransford, Benjamin and others},
+  journal =       {ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News},
+  month =         mar,
+  number =        {1},
+  pages =         {159--170},
+  title =         {Mementos: System Support for Long-Running Computation
+                   on {{RFID-scale}} Devices},
+  volume =        {39},
+  year =          {2011},
+  doi =           {10.1145/1961295.1950386},
+  issn =          {0163-5964},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{jayakumarQUICKRECALL2014,
+  author =        {Jayakumar, Hrishikesh and others},
+  series =        {VLSID '14'},
+  month =         jan,
+  pages =         {330--335},
+  title =         {{{QUICKRECALL}}: {{A Low Overhead HW}}/{{SW Approach}} for {{Enabling Computations}} across {{Power Cycles}} in {{Transiently Powered Computers}}},
+  year =          {2014},
+  doi =           {10.1109/VLSID.2014.63},
+  issn =          {2380-6923},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{maengAdaptive2020,
+  author =        {Maeng, Kiwan and Lucia, Brandon},
+                   series = {PLDI '20'},
+  month =         jun,
+  pages =         {1005--1021},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Adaptive Low-Overhead Scheduling for Periodic and
+                   Reactive Intermittent Execution},
+  year =          {2020},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3385412.3385998},
+  isbn =          {978-1-4503-7613-6},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{dewinkelIntermittentlypowered2022,
+  author =        {{de Winkel}, Jasper and others},
+                   series = {MobiSys '22},
+  month =         jun,
+  pages =         {287--301},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Intermittently-Powered Bluetooth That Works},
+  year =          {2022},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3498361.3538934},
+  isbn =          {978-1-4503-9185-6},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{houTale2024,
+  author =        {Hou, Xiaofeng and others},
+  series =        {ISCA '24},
+  month =         jun,
+  pages =         {167--181},
+  title =         {A {{Tale}} of {{Two Domains}}: {{Exploring Efficient
+                   Architecture Design}} for {{Truly Autonomous
+                   Things}}},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1109/ISCA59077.2024.00022},
+}
+
+@article{erataETAP2023,
+  author =        {Erata, Ferhat and others},
+  journal =       {ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems},
+  month =         jan,
+  number =        {2},
+  pages =         {23:1--23:31},
+  title =         {{{ETAP}}: {{Energy-aware Timing Analysis}} of
+                   {{Intermittent Programs}}},
+  volume =        {22},
+  year =          {2023},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3563216},
+  issn =          {1539-9087},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{ghasemiPES2023,
+  author =        {Ghasemi, Fatemeh and others},
+  series =        {ISPASS '23},
+  month =         apr,
+  pages =         {13--23},
+  title =         {{{PES}}: {{An Energy}} and {{Throughput Model}} for
+                   {{Energy Harvesting IoT Systems}}},
+  year =          {2023},
+  doi =           {10.1109/ISPASS57527.2023.00011},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{sanmiguelEH2018a,
+  author =        {San Miguel, Joshua and others},
+  series =        {MICRO '18},
+  month =         oct,
+  pages =         {600--612},
+  title =         {The {{EH Model}}: {{Early Design Space Exploration}}
+                   of {{Intermittent Processor Architectures}}},
+  year =          {2018},
+  doi =           {10.1109/MICRO.2018.00055},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{maengSupporting2019,
+  author =        {Maeng, Kiwan and Lucia, Brandon},
+                   series = {PLDI '19},
+  month =         jun,
+  pages =         {1101--1116},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Supporting Peripherals in Intermittent Systems with
+                   Just-in-Time Checkpoints},
+  year =          {2019},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3314221.3314613},
+  isbn =          {978-1-4503-6712-7},
+}
+
+@article{kortbeekBFree2020,
+  author =        {Kortbeek, Vito and others},
+  journal =       {Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile,
+                   Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies},
+  month =         dec,
+  number =        {4},
+  pages =         {135:1--135:39},
+  title =         {{{BFree}}: {{Enabling Battery-free Sensor
+                   Prototyping}} with {{Python}}},
+  volume =        {4},
+  year =          {2020},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3432191},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{netoDiCA2023,
+  author =        {Neto, Antonio Joia and others},
+  series =        {ICCAD '23},
+  month =         oct,
+  pages =         {1--9},
+  title =         {{{DiCA}}: {{A Hardware-Software Co-Design}} for
+                   {{Differential Check-Pointing}} in {{Intermittently
+                   Powered Devices}}},
+  year =          {2023},
+  doi =           {10.1109/ICCAD57390.2023.10323895},
+  issn =          {1558-2434},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{bakarProtean2023a,
+  author =        {Bakar, Abu and others},
+  series =        {SenSys '23},
+  month =         jan,
+  pages =         {207--221},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Protean: {{An Energy-Efficient}} and {{Heterogeneous
+                   Platform}} for {{Adaptive}} and
+                   {{Hardware-Accelerated Battery-Free Computing}}},
+  year =          {2023},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3560905.3568561},
+  isbn =          {978-1-4503-9886-2},
+}
+
+@article{alsubhiStash2024,
+  author =        {Alsubhi, Arwa and others},
+  journal =       {ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.},
+  month =         mar,
+  number =        {2},
+  pages =         {18:1--18:23},
+  title =         {Stash: {{Flexible Energy Storage}} for {{Intermittent
+                   Sensors}}},
+  volume =        {23},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3641511},
+  issn =          {1539-9087},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{reymondSCHEMATIC2024,
+  author =        {Reymond, Hugo and others},
+  series =        {CGO '24},
+  month =         mar,
+  pages =         {258--269},
+  title =         {{{SCHEMATIC}}: {{Compile-Time Checkpoint Placement}}
+                   and {{Memory Allocation}} for {{Intermittent
+                   Systems}}},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1109/CGO57630.2024.10444789},
+  issn =          {2643-2838},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{wuIntOS2024,
+  author =        {Wu, Yilun and others},
+  series =        {OSDI '24},
+  pages =         {425--443},
+  title =         {{{IntOS}}: {{Persistent Embedded Operating System}}
+                   and {{Language Support}} for {{Multi-threaded
+                   Intermittent Computing}}},
+  year =          {2024},
+  isbn =          {978-1-939133-40-3},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{yildizEfficient2023,
+  author =        {Yildiz, Eren and others},
+  booktitle =     {Proceedings of the {{Eighteenth European Conference}}
+                   on {{Computer Systems}}},
+  month =         may,
+  pages =         {63--78},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Efficient and {{Safe I}}/{{O Operations}} for
+                   {{Intermittent Systems}}},
+  year =          {2023},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3552326.3587435},
+  isbn =          {978-1-4503-9487-1},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{shihIntermittent2024,
+  author =        {Shih, Hui-Xin and others},
+  series =        {IoTDI '24},
+  month =         may,
+  pages =         {219--220},
+  title =         {Intermittent {{Edge Computing}} for {{Green
+                   Agricultural Automation}}},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1109/IoTDI61053.2024.00025},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{kimRapid2024,
+  author =        {Kim, Youngbin and Kim, Hyoseung},
+                   series = {ISLPED '24},
+  month =         sep,
+  pages =         {1--6},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Rapid {{Hardware}}/{{Software Design Space
+                   Exploration}} for {{Efficient Intermittent Systems}}},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3665314.3670799},
+  isbn =          {9798400706882},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{akhunovEnabling2023,
+  author =        {Akhunov, Khakim and others},
+                   series = {ENSsys '23},
+  month =         nov,
+  pages =         {16--22},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Enabling {{Efficient Intermittent Computing}} on
+                   {{Brand New Microcontrollers}} via {{Tracking
+                   Programmable Voltage Thresholds}}},
+  year =          {2023},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3628353.3628547},
+  isbn =          {9798400704383},
+}
+
+@article{kimLACT2024,
+  author =        {Kim, Youngbin and others},
+  journal =       {Journal of Systems Architecture},
+  month =         aug,
+  pages =         {103213},
+  title =         {{{LACT}}: {{Liveness-Aware Checkpointing}} to Reduce
+                   Checkpoint Overheads in Intermittent Systems},
+  volume =        {153},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103213},
+  issn =          {1383-7621},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{kimLivenessAware2023,
+  author =        {Kim, Youngbin and others},
+                   series = {DATE '23},
+  month =         apr,
+  pages =         {1--6},
+  title =         {Liveness-{{Aware Checkpointing}} of {{Arrays}} for
+                   {{Efficient Intermittent Computing}}},
+  year =          {2023},
+  doi =           {10.23919/DATE56975.2023.10137060},
+  issn =          {1558-1101},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{parkEnergyHarvestingAware2023,
+  author =        {Park, Gwanjong and others},
+                   series = {ISLPED '23},
+  month =         aug,
+  pages =         {1--6},
+  title =         {Energy-{{Harvesting-Aware Adaptive Inference}} of
+                   {{Deep Neural Networks}} in {{Embedded Systems}}},
+  year =          {2023},
+  doi =           {10.1109/ISLPED58423.2023.10244276},
+}
+
+@article{kortbeekWARio2022,
+  author =        {Kortbeek, Vito and others},
+  series =        {PLDI '22},
+  pages =         {15},
+  title =         {{{WARio}}: {{Efficient Code Generation}} for
+                   {{Intermittent Computing}}},
+  year =          {2022},
+}
+
+@article{khanDaCapo2023,
+  author =        {Khan, Osama and others},
+  journal =       {ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.},
+  month =         sep,
+  number =        {5s},
+  pages =         {142:1--142:23},
+  title =         {{{DaCapo}}: {{An On-Device Learning Scheme}} for
+                   {{Memory-Constrained Embedded Systems}}},
+  volume =        {22},
+  year =          {2023},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3609121},
+  issn =          {1539-9087},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{barjamiIntermittent2024,
+  author =        {Barjami, Rei and others},
+  series =        {SenSys '24},
+  month =         nov,
+  pages =         {647--660},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Intermittent {{Inference}}: {{Trading}} a 1\%
+                   {{Accuracy Loss}} for a 1.9x {{Throughput Speedup}}},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3666025.3699364},
+  isbn =          {9798400706974},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{songTaDA2024,
+  author =        {Song, Weining and others},
+  series =        {SenSys '24},
+  month =         nov,
+  pages =         {409--421},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {{{TaDA}}: {{Task Decoupling Architecture}} for the
+                   {{Battery-less Internet}} of {{Things}}},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3666025.3699347},
+  isbn =          {9798400706974},
+}
+
+@article{yenKeep2023,
+  author =        {Yen, Chih-Hsuan and others},
+  journal =       {ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems},
+  month =         sep,
+  number =        {5s},
+  pages =         {124:1--124:25},
+  title =         {Keep in {{Balance}}: {{Runtime-reconfigurable
+                   Intermittent Deep Inference}}},
+  volume =        {22},
+  year =          {2023},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3607918},
+  issn =          {1539-9087},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{gobieskiIntelligence2019,
+  author =        {Gobieski, Graham and others},
+  series =        {ASPLOS '19},
+  month =         apr,
+  pages =         {199--213},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Intelligence {{Beyond}} the {{Edge}}: {{Inference}}
+                   on {{Intermittent Embedded Systems}}},
+  year =          {2019},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3297858.3304011},
+  isbn =          {978-1-4503-6240-5},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{islamEnabling2022,
+  author =        {Islam, Sahidul and others},
+  series =        {DATE '22},
+  month =         mar,
+  pages =         {921--926},
+  title =         {Enabling {{Fast Deep Learning}} on {{Tiny
+                   Energy-Harvesting IoT Devices}}},
+  year =          {2022},
+  doi =           {10.23919/DATE54114.2022.9774756},
+  issn =          {1558-1101},
+}
+
+@article{kangMore2022,
+  author =        {Kang, Chih-Kai and others},
+  journal =       {ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.},
+  month =         oct,
+  number =        {5},
+  pages =         {49:1--49:26},
+  title =         {More {{Is Less}}: {{Model Augmentation}} for
+                   {{Intermittent Deep Inference}}},
+  volume =        {21},
+  year =          {2022},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3506732},
+  issn =          {1539-9087},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{leeNeuro2019,
+  author =        {Lee, Seulki and Nirjon, Shahriar},
+                   series = {SenSys '19},
+  month =         nov,
+  pages =         {138--152},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Neuro.{{ZERO}}: A Zero-Energy Neural Network
+                   Accelerator for Embedded Sensing and Inference
+                   Systems},
+  year =          {2019},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3356250.3360030},
+  isbn =          {978-1-4503-6950-3},
+}
+
+@article{islamZygarde2020,
+  author =        {Islam, Bashima and Nirjon, Shahriar},
+                   series = {IMWUT '20},
+  month =         sep,
+  number =        {3},
+  pages =         {82:1--82:29},
+  title =         {Zygarde: {{Time-Sensitive On-Device Deep Inference}}
+                   and {{Adaptation}} on {{Intermittently-Powered
+                   Systems}}},
+  volume =        {4},
+  year =          {2020},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3411808},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{custodeFastInf2024,
+  author =        {Custode, Leonardo Lucio and others},
+  series =        {SenSys '24},
+  month =         nov,
+  pages =         {239--252},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Fast-{{Inf}}: {{Ultra-Fast Embedded Intelligence}} on
+                   the {{Batteryless Edge}}},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3666025.3699335},
+  isbn =          {9798400706974},
+}
+
+@article{carontiFinegrained2023,
+  author =        {Caronti, Luca and others},
+  journal =       {ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems},
+  month =         sep,
+  number =        {5},
+  pages =         {82:1--82:19},
+  title =         {Fine-Grained {{Hardware Acceleration}} for
+                   {{Efficient Batteryless Intermittent Inference}} on
+                   the {{Edge}}},
+  volume =        {22},
+  year =          {2023},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3608475},
+  issn =          {1539-9087},
+}
+
+@article{balsamoHibernus2016,
+  author =        {Balsamo, Domenico and others},
+  journal =       {IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of
+                   Integrated Circuits and Systems},
+  number =        {12},
+  pages =         {1968--1980},
+  title =         {Hibernus++: {{A Self-Calibrating}} and {{Adaptive
+                   System}} for {{Transiently-Powered Embedded
+                   Devices}}},
+  volume =        {35},
+  year =          {2016},
+  doi =           {10.1109/TCAD.2016.2547919},
+  issn =          {1937-4151},
+}
+
+@article{balsamoHibernus2015,
+  author =        {Balsamo, Domenico and others},
+  journal =       {IEEE Embedded Systems Letters},
+  month =         mar,
+  number =        {1},
+  pages =         {15--18},
+  title =         {Hibernus: {{Sustaining Computation During
+                   Intermittent Supply}} for {{Energy-Harvesting
+                   Systems}}},
+  volume =        {7},
+  year =          {2015},
+  doi =           {10.1109/LES.2014.2371494},
+  issn =          {1943-0671},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{kortbeekTimesensitive2020,
+  author =        {Kortbeek, Vito and others},
+  series = {ASPLOS '20},
+  month =         mar,
+  pages =         {85--99},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Time-Sensitive {{Intermittent Computing Meets Legacy
+                   Software}}},
+  year =          {2020},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3373376.3378476},
+  isbn =          {978-1-4503-7102-5},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{yildizAdaptable2024,
+  author =        {Yildiz, Eren and others},
+  booktitle =     {Proceedings of the {{Nineteenth European Conference}}
+                   on {{Computer Systems}}},
+  month =         apr,
+  pages =         {1175--1191},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Adaptable {{Runtime Monitoring}} for {{Intermittent
+                   Systems}}},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3627703.3650070},
+  isbn =          {9798400704376},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{dangIoTree2022,
+  author =        {Dang, Tuan and others},
+  series = {MobiCom '22},
+  month =         oct,
+  pages =         {352--366},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {{{ioTree}}: A Battery-Free Wearable System with
+                   Biocompatible Sensors for Continuous Tree Health
+                   Monitoring},
+  year =          {2022},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3495243.3558749},
+  isbn =          {978-1-4503-9181-8},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{afanasovBatteryless2020,
+  author =        {Afanasov, Mikhail and others},
+  series = {SenSys '20},
+  month =         nov,
+  pages =         {368--381},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {Battery-Less Zero-Maintenance Embedded Sensing at the
+                   Mithr{\ae}um of Circus Maximus},
+  year =          {2020},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3384419.3430722},
+  isbn =          {978-1-4503-7590-0},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{katanbafMultiScatter2021,
+  author =        {Katanbaf, Mohamad and others},
+  series = {SenSys '21},
+  month =         nov,
+  pages =         {69--83},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {{{MultiScatter}}: {{Multistatic Backscatter
+                   Networking}} for {{Battery-Free Sensors}}},
+  year =          {2021},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3485730.3485939},
+  isbn =          {978-1-4503-9097-2},
+}
+
+@article{babatundeGreentooth2024,
+  author =        {Babatunde, Simeon and others},
+  journal =       {ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks},
+  month =         mar,
+  pages =         {3649221},
+  title =         {Greentooth: {{Robust}} and {{Energy Efficient
+                   Wireless Networking}} for {{Batteryless Devices}}},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3649221},
+  issn =          {1550-4859, 1550-4867},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{guthausMiBench2001,
+  author =        {Guthaus, M. R. and others},
+                   series = {WWC '01},
+  month =         dec,
+  pages =         {3--14},
+  title =         {{{MiBench}}: {{A}} Free, Commercially Representative
+                   Embedded Benchmark Suite},
+  year =          {2001},
+  doi =           {10.1109/WWC.2001.990739},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{bhattacharyyaNvMR2022,
+  author =        {Bhattacharyya, Abhishek and others},
+                   series = {ISCA '22},
+  month =         jun,
+  pages =         {1--13},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {{{NvMR}}: Non-Volatile Memory Renaming for
+                   Intermittent Computing},
+  year =          {2022},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3470496.3527413},
+  isbn =          {978-1-4503-8610-4},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{ganesanWhat2019,
+  author =        {Ganesan, Karthik and others},
+  series = {HPCA '19},
+  month =         feb,
+  pages =         {211--223},
+  title =         {The {{What}}'s {{Next Intermittent Computing
+                   Architecture}}},
+  year =          {2019},
+  doi =           {10.1109/HPCA.2019.00039},
+  issn =          {2378-203X},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{maengAdaptive2018,
+  author =        {Maeng, Kiwan and Lucia, Brandon},
+                   series = {OSDI '18},
+  pages =         {129--144},
+  title =         {Adaptive {{Dynamic Checkpointing}} for {{Safe
+                   Efficient Intermittent Computing}}},
+  year =          {2018},
+  isbn =          {978-1-939133-08-3},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{bhattiHarvOS2017,
+  author =        {Bhatti, Naveed Anwar and Mottola, Luca},
+                   series = {IPSN '17},
+  month =         apr,
+  pages =         {209--220},
+  title =         {{{HarvOS}}: {{Efficient Code Instrumentation}} for
+                   {{Transiently-Powered Embedded Sensing}}},
+  year =          {2017},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{raffeckWoCA2024,
+  author =        {Raffeck, Phillip and others},
+                   series = {LCTES '24},
+  month =         jun,
+  pages =         {83--94},
+  publisher =     {ACM},
+  title =         {{{WoCA}}: {{Avoiding Intermittent Execution}} in
+                   {{Embedded Systems}} by {{Worst-Case Analyses}} with
+                   {{Device States}}},
+  year =          {2024},
+  doi =           {10.1145/3652032.3657569},
+  isbn =          {9798400706165},
+}
+
+@misc{texasinstrumentsLMV431,
+  author =        {{Texas Instruments}},
+  howpublished =  {https://www.ti.com/product/en-us/LMV431},
+  title =         {{{LMV431}}, 1.5\%, Low-Voltage (1.24-{{V}})
+                   Adjustable Precision Shunt Regulator},
+}
+
+@article{sanmiguelEH2018,
+  author =        {San Miguel, Joshua and others},
+  journal =       {IEEE Computer Architecture Letters},
+  month =         jan,
+  number =        {1},
+  pages =         {76--79},
+  title =         {The {{EH Model}}: {{Analytical Exploration}} of
+                   {{Energy-Harvesting Architectures}}},
+  volume =        {17},
+  year =          {2018},
+  doi =           {10.1109/LCA.2017.2777834},
+  issn =          {1556-6064},
+}
+
+@article{zhanExploring2022,
+  author =        {Zhan, Jie and others},
+  journal =       {IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of
+                   Integrated Circuits and Systems},
+  month =         mar,
+  number =        {3},
+  pages =         {492--501},
+  title =         {Exploring the {{Effect}} of {{Energy Storage Sizing}}
+                   on {{Intermittent Computing System Performance}}},
+  volume =        {41},
+  year =          {2022},
+  doi =           {10.1109/TCAD.2021.3068946},
+  issn =          {1937-4151},
+}
+
+@article{raffeckCO2CoDe2024,
+  author =        {Raffeck, Phillip and others},
+                   series = {HotCarbon '24},
+  title =         {{{CO2CoDe}}: {{Towards Carbon-Aware
+                   Hardware}}/{{Software Co-Design}} for
+                   {{Intermittently-Powered Embedded Systems}}},
+  year =          {2024},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{reymondEarlyBird2024,
+  author =        {Reymond, Hugo and others},
+                   series = {RTCSA '24},
+  title =         {{{EarlyBird}}: {{Energy}} Belongs to Those Who Wake
+                   up Early},
+  year =          {2024},
+}
+
+@manual{fujitsuMB85R4M2T,
+  organization = {{{Fujitsu}} Semiconductor},
+  title = {MB85R4M2T}
+}

sections/OurApproach.tex

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Specifically, we configure $R1$ and $R2$ to satisfy $\frac{R2}{R1+R2} \cdot V_{t
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figs/plot_expr_11_cropped.pdf}
         \caption{Static checkpointing with $S_{sta}$.}
         \label{fig:expr_precise_checkpoint_timings_static}
-        \vspace{7pt}
+        \vspace{3pt}
     \end{subfigure}
     \begin{subfigure}{\linewidth}
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figs/plot_expr_10_cropped.pdf}
@@ -99,12 +99,12 @@ Furthermore, the proposed setups can reduce the system complexity, as they elimi
 % \subsection{Checkpoint Techniques and Evaluation Methods}
 \subsection{On Selecting Hardware Components}
 
-Our model helps designers to select efficient hardware components in various aspects.
-For example, it implies that operating voltage of peripherals (e.g., external NVMs) is a critical design parameter, often more important than their latency.
+Our model helps designers in selecting efficient hardware components across various parameters.
+For example, it implies that operating voltage of peripherals (e.g., external NVMs) is a critical design consideration (Sec.~\ref{sec:sub_normal_execution}), often more important than other factors such as latency.
 % We evaluate this tradeoff by simulating an external FRAM having faster access latency but smaller operating voltage.
-We evaluate this tradeoff by simulating two FRAM configurations, F1 and F2, in our reference system.
-F1 represents slower setup operating until 2.5V; we double the software-configurable wait time for FRAM accesses for this setup.
-In F2, the fastest FRAM access parameters are used but the system stops operating at 2.8V.
+To evaluate this tradeoff, we simulate two FRAM configurations, F1 and F2, in our reference system.
+F1 represents slower setup capable of operating down to 2.5V, achieved by doubling the software-configurable wait time for FRAM accesses.
+F2 is set to have the lowest access latency but the system stops at 2.8V.
 
 \begin{figure}
     \centering
@@ -113,13 +113,15 @@ In F2, the fastest FRAM access parameters are used but the system stops operatin
     \label{fig:expr_peripheral_voltage}
 \end{figure}
 
-Fig.~\ref{fig:expr_peripheral_voltage} presents the results.
-It shows that operating voltage should considered, which can be ignored in the traditional execution model.
+Fig.~\ref{fig:expr_peripheral_voltage} presents the execution times of the benchmarks for the two configurations in $S_{dyn}$, averaged over 20 runs.
+Despite its doubled latency, F1 completes the workloads 1.46x faster on average, with consistent improvements across all benchmarks.
+These results suggest that using slower FRAM that operates until 1.8V (e.g.,~\cite{fujitsuMB85R4M2T}) could considerably improve the performance of our reference system.
+This example clearly shows that operating voltage, often overlooked in the traditional execution model, should be considered a critical design parameter.
 
 Finally, our model highlights advantages of using smaller decoupling capacitors.
-Using larger buffers not only increases the ratio of sub-normal voltage operations but also increases the amount of discharged energy during power-offs.
-Indeed, we observe our reference system requires xx\% and xx\% longer time on average for execution of the benchmarks, when xxuF and xxuF decoupling capacitors are used, compared to our design of 220uF.
-As a result, it is a good design practice to use the smallest decoupling capacitors for efficiency of intermittent systems.
+Larger buffers not only increases the ratio of sub-normal voltage operations but also raises the amount of discharged energy during power-offs.
+Indeed, in our reference system with $C_{ES}$ = 1100uF, we observe that it takes xx\% and xx\% longer to complete the benchmarks, when 440uF and 660uF capacitors are used as C2, respectively, compared to our setup with a 220uF capacitor.
+% As a result, it is a good design practice to use the smallest decoupling capacitors for efficiency of intermittent systems.
 
 % \begin{figure}
 %     \centering

sections/OurModel.tex

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Sec.~\ref{sec:other_architectures} evaluates the generality of our model across
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figs/plot_expr_8a_cropped.pdf}
         \caption{Voltage traces for one power cycle.}
         \label{fig:execution_trace_one_cycle}
-        \vspace{5pt}
+        \vspace{3pt}
     \end{subfigure}
     \begin{subfigure}{\linewidth}
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figs/plot_expr_8b_cropped.pdf}
@@ -94,8 +94,9 @@ Since the voltage of the decoupling capacitors decreases as they discharge, the
 % This voltage is known as Brown-Out Reset (BOR) voltage and is typically in a range of 1.7V to 2.5V in modern MCUs~\cite{}.
 Finally, until the next power-on event, the remaining energy in decoupling capacitors continues to discharge (\circled{5}).
 
-When designing intermittent systems, particularly those utilizing small capacitors, it is important for software designers to have clear understanding of this model.
-In the following sections, we discuss the impact of our model to software design in more detail.
+When designing intermittent systems, particularly those utilizing small capacitors, understanding the effects described by our model is critical.
+% When designing intermittent systems, particularly those utilizing small capacitors, it is important for software designers to have clear understanding of this model.
+In the following sections, we discuss impacts of our model to software design in more detail.
 
 \subsection{Impact on Power Efficiency}
 \label{sec:power_efficiency}
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ The checkpoint is executed by the interrupt from the power management system~\ci
 Note that this is the most efficient point for checkpoint execution according to the traditional model (i.e., just before the poweroff).
 
 The results shows that significant energy is wasted in the decoupling capacitors.
-For example, in 470 uF case, 60.7\% of the energy is lost during the power-off duration (denoted as \emph{Dischrged}), leaving only 13.1\% of the energy for computation.
+For example, in 470 uF case, 60.7\% of the energy is lost during the power-off duration (denoted as \emph{Discharged}), leaving only 13.1\% of the energy for computation.
 The discharging behavior can be modeled as an RC-discharging circuit (i.e., $q=CVe^{-\frac{t}{RC}}$), which exhibits an exponential discharge rate.
 Indeed, 50\% of the energy is discharged within the first 161 ms in our measurements.
 Since recharging $C_{ES}$ takes xx secs even in 470 uF configuration, most of the buffered energy is lost before the next power-on, regardless of the capacitor size.
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ This makes $V_{ES}$ not a reliable indicator for the imminent power-off.
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figs/plot_expr_6a_cropped.pdf}
         \caption{Input current = 1mA.}
         \label{fig:sub_voltage_execution_1mA}
-        \vspace{5pt}
+        \vspace{3pt}
     \end{subfigure}
     \begin{subfigure}{\linewidth}
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figs/plot_expr_6b_cropped.pdf}
@@ -265,9 +266,9 @@ Failing to do so can result in corrupted sensor data or unsafe checkpointing.
 
 To evaluate the generality of the proposed model, we assess it across two additional architectural setups.
 Table~\ref{tab:architectures} shows the detailed parameters of the target architectures.
-A1 shares the same configuration as the reference system but equips MRAM (Everspin MR5A16ACYS35) instead of FRAM.
-This setup is included since MRAM is also gaining attention as a next generation NVM~\cite{akhunovEnabling2023,bakarProtean2023a,dewinkelIntermittentlypowered2022,wuIntOS2024}.
-Second target is MSP430, a widely adopted 16-bit platform in intermittent system research.
+A1 shares the same configuration as the reference system but equips MRAM (Everspin MR5A16ACYS35), which is gaining attention as a next generation NVM~\cite{akhunovEnabling2023,bakarProtean2023a,dewinkelIntermittentlypowered2022,wuIntOS2024}, instead of FRAM.
+% This setup is included since MRAM is also gaining attention as a next generation NVM~\cite{akhunovEnabling2023,bakarProtean2023a,dewinkelIntermittentlypowered2022,wuIntOS2024}.
+Second target is MSP430 equipped with on-chip FRAM, a widely adopted 16-bit platform in intermittent system research.
 For both systems, the architectural parameters are set to achieve an operation time of approximately 50 ms.
 
 \begin{figure}
@@ -278,13 +279,13 @@ For both systems, the architectural parameters are set to achieve an operation t
 \end{figure}
 
 Fig.~\ref{fig:other_architectures} shows the results for different power-off voltages.
-The bars on the left illustrate the energy breakdown in a single power cycle, and the bars on the right represent the ratio of the execution time operated at sub-normal voltages.
+The bars on the left illustrate the energy breakdown in a single power cycle, and the bars on the right represent the ratio of the sub-normal voltage executions.
 The most noticeable difference is ratio of energy consumed during the \emph{Ramp-up \& Init} stage.
 While A1 consumes 63.4\% power at this stage on average, only 5.6\% of energy is consumed in A2.
 This is because A1 is configured with an external MRAM, which exhibits significantly higher leakage current, even compared to the FRAM used in the reference system.
 In contrast, A2 is equipped with on-chip FRAM, which has much lower leakage.
 
-Despite these differences, both architectures exhibit high sub-voltage execution rates, up to 55.5\% in A1 and 70.1\% in A2.
+Despite these differences, both architectures exhibit high sub-normal voltage execution rates, up to 55.5\% in A1 and 70.1\% in A2.
 In addition, discharged energy takes considerable portion in both A1 (31.4\%) and A2 (52.0\%) at 3.3V power-off voltage configuration, which represents the techniques based on the traditional model that halt immediately at $V_{ES}$.
 In summary, the evaluation demonstrates that the modeled buffering effects are general and their impacts are significant across different system architectures.
 % In summary, the evaluation reveals that the buffering effect of system's capacitance and its implications are general in other systems.